The Pineal Gland

The Pineal Gland: "
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus via a sympathetic multisynaptic pathway regulates rhythmic melatonin synthesis by acting on Aa-nat transcription (Klein et al., 1983; Tessonneaud et al., 1995; Garidou et al., 2002; Perreau-Lenz et al., 2005). The SCN uses a combination of daytime inhibitory and nighttime stimulatory signals to control the daily rhythm of pineal melatonin synthesis (Perreau-Lenz et al., 2003, 2004). At night the sympathetic neurotransmitter, Norepinephrine (NE), is released from the postganglionic nerve terminals innervating the pineal, thus stimulating (ß1 and 1 adrenoreceptors on the pinealocytes, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels."

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